Day31 to Day40 python practice questions

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Day31
Day32
Day33
Day34
Day35
Day36
Day37
Day38
Day39
Day40

Day-31

Question:

Write a program that takes a file name as input, checks if the file exists, and prints its contents if it does. If not, create the file and write a default message.

Solution:

import os

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")

if os.path.exists(file_name):

print("\nFile exists! Printing contents:\n")

with open(file_name, "r") as file:

print(file.read())

else:

print("\nFile does not exist. Creating file with a default message...\n")

with open(file_name, "w") as file:

file.write("Hello! This is a default message.\n")

print(f"File '{file_name}' created successfully with default content.")

Output:

Case 1: File Already Exists

Input:

Enter the file name: example.txt

Output :(example.txt contains "Welcome to Pythonbuzz!")

File exists! Printing contents:

Welcome to Pythonbuzz!

Case 2: File Does Not Exist

Input:

Enter the file name: newfile.txt

Output:

File does not exist. Creating file with a default message...

File 'newfile.txt' created successfully with default content.

Now, newfile.txt is created with this content:

Hello! This is a default message.

Explanation:

1️⃣ Importing the Required Module

import os

The os module provides operating system-related functionalities, including file handling.

2️⃣ Taking File Name as Input

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")

input() asks the user to enter a file name.
The entered file name is stored in the variable file_name.

Example:

Enter the file name: myfile.txt

3️⃣ Checking If the File Exists

if os.path.exists(file_name):

os.path.exists(file_name) checks if the file already exists in the current directory.
If the file exists, it will print its contents; otherwise, it will create the file.

4️⃣ If the File Exists: Read and Print Contents

print("\nFile exists! Printing contents:\n")

with open(file_name, "r") as file:
    print(file.read())

If the file already exists, it:
1. Prints "File exists! Printing contents:"
2. Opens the file in read mode ("r").
3. Reads and prints the contents of the file.

Example (if myfile.txt exists and contains "Python is fun!"):

File exists! Printing contents:

Python is fun!

5️⃣ If the File Does Not Exist: Create It with Default Content

else:
    print("\nFile does not exist.Creating file with a default message...\n")

    with open(file_name, "w") as file:
        file.write("Hello! This is a default message.\n")

    print(f"File '{file_name}' created successfully with default content.")

If the file does NOT exist, it:
1. Prints "File does not exist. Creating file with a default message...".
2. Opens the file in write mode ("w").
3. Writes "Hello! This is a default message." inside the file.
4. Prints confirmation that the file was created.

Example (if myfile.txt does not exist):

File does not exist. Creating file with a default message...

File 'myfile.txt' created successfully with default content.

Now, myfile.txt will be created with this content:

Hello! This is a default message.

Day-32
Question:
Write a program that logs timestamps into a file every time the script runs.

Solution:

from datetime import datetime

log_file = "timestamps.log"

current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

with open(log_file, "a") as file:

file.write("logged at:" +current_time + "\n")

print(f"Timestamp {current_time} logged successfully in '{log_file}'.")

Output:

First Run Output (Terminal):

Timestamp 2025-02-24 11:30:45 logged successfully in 'timestamps.log'.

Second Run Output (Terminal):

Timestamp 2025-02-24 11:31:10 logged successfully in 'timestamps.log'.

Content of `timestamps.log` after multiple runs:

logged at: 2025-02-24 11:30:45
logged at: 2025-02-24 11:31:10
logged at: 2025-02-24 11:32:05

Explanation:

1️⃣ Importing the Required Module

from datetime import datetime

The datetime module provides date and time functionalities.
datetime.now() fetches the current date and time.

2️⃣ Define the Log File Name

log_file = "timestamps.log"

log_file is the file where timestamps will be saved.
If timestamps.log does not exist, Python will create it automatically.

3️⃣ Get the Current Timestamp

current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

datetime.now() fetches the current system date and time.
.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") formats it into:
```
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
```
Example output:
```
2025-02-24 11:30:45
```

4️⃣ Open the File in Append Mode and Write the Timestamp

with open(log_file, "a") as file:
    file.write("logged at: " + current_time + "\n")

open(log_file, "a") → Opens the file in append mode ("a").
- This ensures new timestamps are added without deleting previous ones.
file.write("logged at: " + current_time + "\n")
- Writes "logged at: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" inside the file.
- "\n" moves to the next line for the next entry.

5️⃣ Print Confirmation Message

print(f"Timestamp {current_time} logged successfully in '{log_file}'.")

Displays a confirmation message that the timestamp was saved.

Day-33
Question:
Write a program that asks for a file name, tries to open it, and prints its content. If the file does not exist, catch the `FileNotFoundError` and display a user-friendly message.
Solution:

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")

try:
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
print("\nFile found! Printing contents:\n")
print(file.read())

except FileNotFoundError:
print("\n Error: The file does not exist. Please check the file name and try again.")

Output:

🔹 Example Runs:

✅ Case 1: File Exists

Enter the file name: sample.txt File found! Printing contents: Hello, this is a sample text file.

❌ Case 2: File Not Found

Enter the file name: unknown.txt ❌ Error: The file does not exist.
Please check the file name and try again.

Explanation:
1️⃣ Ask for File Name:

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")

The program prompts the user to enter the name of a file they want to open.

The input is stored in the variable file_name.

2️⃣ Try to Open the File:
try: with open(file_name, "r") as file: print("\nFile found! Printing contents:\n") print(file.read())

The program attempts to open the file in read mode ("r") inside a try block.

If the file exists:

It reads the file’s contents using .read().

The content is printed on the screen.

3️⃣ Handle File Not Found Error:
except FileNotFoundError: print("\n Error: The file does not exist. Please check the file n
ame and try again.")

If the file does not exist, Python raises a FileNotFoundError.

The except block catches this error and prints a friendly error message instead of letting the program crash.

📌 Why Use `try-except`?

Without `try-except`: If the file doesn’t exist, Python will show a long error traceback and stop execution.

With `try-except`: The program handles the error gracefully and gives a clear message to the user.

Day-34

Question:
Write a program that asks the user for a file name to delete. If the file exists, delete it after user confirmation. Handle FileNotFoundError and PermissionError if deletion fails.
Solution:
import os
file_name = input("Enter the file name to delete: ")
try:
if os.path.exists(file_name):
confirmation = input(f"Are you sure you want to delete '{file_name}'? (yes/no): ").strip().lower()
if confirmation == "yes":
os.remove(file_name)
print(f"\nFile '{file_name}' has been deleted successfully.")
else:
print("\nFile deletion canceled.")
else:
raise FileNotFoundError
except FileNotFoundError:
print("\nError: The file does not exist. Please check the file name and try again.")
except PermissionError:
print("\nError: You don't have permission to delete this file.")
Output:

Example Runs:

✅ Case 1: File Exists & User Confirms Deletion
Enter the file name to delete: sample.txt

Are you sure you want to delete 'sample.txt'? (yes/no): yes File 'sample.txt' has been deleted successfully.
✅ Case 2: File Exists & User Cancels Deletion
Enter the file name to delete: myfile.txt
Are you sure you want to delete 'myfile.txt'? (yes/no): no File deletion canceled.
❌ Case 3: File Not Found
Enter the file name to delete: missing.txt Error: The file does not exist. Please check the file name and try again.
❌ Case 4: Permission Denied
Enter the file name to delete: protected.txt Error: You don't have permission to delete this file.
Explanation:
1️⃣ Ask the User for a File Name

file_name = input("Enter the file name to delete: ") The program takes user input for the name of the file they want to delete. 2️⃣ Check if the File Exists if os.path.exists(file_name): Uses os.path.exists(file_name) to check if the specified file exists in the current directory. 3️⃣ Ask for User Confirmation Before Deleting confirmation = input(f"Are you sure you want to delete '{file_name}'? (yes/no): ").strip().lower() Asks the user for confirmation (yes or no) before proceeding. .strip().lower() ensures case-insensitive comparison and removes extra spaces. 4️⃣ Delete the File if the User Confirms if confirmation == "yes": os.remove(file_name) # Delete the file print(f"\nFile '{file_name}' has been deleted successfully.") If the user types "yes", the program deletes the file using os.remove(file_name). Prints a success message. 5️⃣ Cancel the Operation if the User Says No else: print("\nFile deletion canceled.") If the user types "no", the deletion is canceled, and a message is displayed. 6️⃣ Handle the Case Where the File Doesn't Exist else: raise FileNotFoundError # Manually raise error if file doesn't exist If the file doesn’t exist, the program raises a FileNotFoundError.

📌 Error Handling:

✅ FileNotFoundError → If the file is not found, the program prints: except FileNotFoundError: print("\nError: The file does not exist. Please check the file name and try again.") Prevents the program from crashing when trying to delete a non-existent file. ✅ PermissionError → If the file is protected or requires admin rights to delete, the program prints: except PermissionError: print("\nError: You don't have permission to delete this file.") Handles cases where the user lacks the necessary permissions.

Day-35

Question:
Write a program to search for a specific word in a file and print its line number(s).
Solution:
file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")
search_word = input("Enter the word to search: ")
try:
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
found = False
for line_num, line in enumerate(file, start=1):
if search_word in line:
print(f"Found '{search_word}' on line {line_num}")
found = True
if not found:
print(f"'{search_word}' not found in the file.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
Output:

Example Run:

📂 Sample File (`data.txt`)

Python is amazing.
I love programming in Python.
File handling is important in Python.

👨‍💻 User Input & Output

Enter the file name: data.txt
Enter the word to search: Python

Found 'Python' on line 1
Found 'Python' on line 2
Found 'Python' on line 3

📌 If Word is Not Found:

Enter the file name: data.txt
Enter the word to search: Java

'Java' not found in the file.

🚨 If File Does Not Exist:

Enter the file name: missing.txt
Error: File not found. Please check the file name.

Explanation:

Take user input:

`file_name`: Name of the file to search in.

`search_word`: Word to search for in the file.

Try-Except Block for Error Handling:

`FileNotFoundError` is handled if the file doesn’t exist.

Open and Read the File:

The file is opened in read mode (`"r"`).

The program iterates through each line, using `enumerate(file, start=1)` to track line numbers.

Search for the Word:

If `search_word` is found in a line, the program prints the line number.

A flag variable (`found`) is set to `True` if the word exists.

Display a Message If the Word is Not Found:

If `found` remains `False`, a message is printed that the word was not found.

Day-36

Question:
Write a program to replace a specific word in a file with another word.
Solution:
file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")
old_word = input("Enter the word to replace: ")
new_word = input("Enter the new word: ")
try:
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
content = file.read()
new_content = content.replace(old_word, new_word)
with open(file_name, "w") as file:
file.write(new_content)
print(f"All occurrences of '{old_word}' replaced with '{new_word}' successfully.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
Output:

🔹 Example Run

📂 Sample File (`data.txt`)

Python is amazing.
I love programming in Python.
File handling is important in Python.

👨‍💻 User Input & Output

Enter the file name: data.txt
Enter the word to replace: Python
Enter the new word: Java

All occurrences of 'Python' replaced with 'Java' successfully.

📂 Updated `data.txt`

Java is amazing.
I love programming in Java.
File handling is important in Java.

Explanation:

Take User Input:

`file_name`: Name of the file to modify.

`old_word`: Word to be replaced.

`new_word`: New word to replace it with.

Try-Except Block for Error Handling:

Handles `FileNotFoundError` if the file doesn’t exist.

Read the File:

The file is opened in read mode (`"r"`), and its contents are stored in the variable `content`.

Replace the Word:

The `.replace(old_word, new_word)` method is used to modify the text.

Write the Updated Content Back to the File:

The file is opened in write mode (`"w"`), and the modified content is written back.

Confirmation Message:

The program confirms that all occurrences of `old_word` have been replaced.

🔹 Error Handling

🚨 If File Doesn’t Exist

Enter the file name: missing.txt
Error: File not found. Please check the file name.

Day-37

Question:
Write a program that creates a backup of a file before modifying it.
Solution:
import shutil
import os
file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")
backup_location = input("Enter the backup location (leave empty for current folder): ")
if backup_location:
os.makedirs(backup_location, exist_ok=True)
backup_name = os.path.join(backup_location, "file_backup.txt")
else:
backup_name = "file_backup.txt" # Default to current folder
try:
shutil.copy(file_name, backup_name)
print(f"Backup created at '{backup_name}'.")
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
content = file.read()
modified_content = content.upper()
with open(file_name, "w") as file:
file.write(modified_content)
print("File modified successfully!")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
except PermissionError:
print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
Output:

Case 1: Valid file and backup location

Enter the file name: test1.txt
Enter the backup location (leave empty for current folder): D:\Backups
Backup created at 'D:\Backups\file_backup.txt'.
File modified successfully!

Case 2: User leaves backup location empty (saves in current folder)

Enter the file name: test1.txt
Enter the backup location (leave empty for current folder): 
Backup created at 'file_backup.txt'.
File modified successfully!

Case 3: File not found

Enter the file name: non_existent.txt
Enter the backup location (leave empty for current folder): D:\Backups
Error: File not found. Please check the file name.

Case 4: No permission to modify file

Enter the file name: C:\System32\config.sys
Enter the backup location (leave empty for current folder): D:\Backups
Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.

Explanation:

1️⃣ Take Input

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")
backup_location = input("Enter the backup location (leave empty for current

                            folder): ")

User enters the file name and optionally a backup location.

2️⃣ Create Backup Directory (if needed)

if backup_location:
    os.makedirs(backup_location, exist_ok=True)
    backup_name = os.path.join(backup_location, "file_backup.txt")
else:
    backup_name = "file_backup.txt"  # Default to current folder

If the backup location is provided, it creates the directory (if it doesn't exist).
If the user leaves it empty, backup is saved in the current folder.

3️⃣ Copy File for Backup

shutil.copy(file_name, backup_name)
print(f"Backup created at '{backup_name}'.")

shutil.copy() copies the file to the backup location.

4️⃣ Read and Modify File Content

with open(file_name, "r") as file:
    content = file.read()

modified_content = content.upper()

with open(file_name, "w") as file:
    file.write(modified_content)

Reads the original file.
Modifies its content (in this case, converts text to uppercase).
Writes the modified content back to the original file.

5️⃣ Error Handling

except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
except PermissionError:
    print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

FileNotFoundError → If the file doesn’t exist.
PermissionError → If the file is protected/system file.
General Exception → Handles unexpected issues.

Day-38

Question:
Write a program that asks the user for two file names and merges their contents into a new file.
Solution:
file1 = input("Enter the first file name: ")
file2 = input("Enter the second file name: ")
output_file = "merged_file.txt"
try:
with open(file1, "r") as f1, open(file2, "r") as f2, open(output_file, "w") as out:
out.write(f1.read() + "\n")
out.write(f2.read())
print(f"Files merged successfully into '{output_file}'.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: One or both files not found. Please check the file names.")
except PermissionError:
print("Error: You don’t have permission to access one of the files.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
Output:

Case 1: Successful Merge

Suppose `file1.txt` contains:

Hello from File 1!
This is line 2.

And `file2.txt` contains:

Welcome from File 2!
This is another line.

🔹 User Input:

Enter the first file name: file1.txt
Enter the second file name: file2.txt

🔹 Output:

Files merged successfully into 'merged_file.txt'.

🔹 Content of merged_file.txt after execution:

Hello from File 1!
This is line 2.

Welcome from File 2!
This is another line.

✅ Case 2: File Not Found Error

User Input:

Enter the first file name: file1.txt
Enter the second file name: missing_file.txt

🔹 Output:

Error: One or both files not found. Please check the file names.

✅ Case 3: Permission Error

(Trying to merge files that the user doesn’t have permission to access)

🔹 Output:

Error: You don’t have permission to access one of the files.

✅ Case 4: Unexpected Error

If any unknown error occurs (e.g., disk full), it prints:

An unexpected error occurred: [Error details]

Explanation:

1️⃣ Input File Names:

file1 = input("Enter the first file name: ")
file2 = input("Enter the second file name: ")

The program asks the user to enter the names of two files.
These file names are stored in file1 and file2 variables.

2️⃣ Define Output File Name:

output_file = "merged_file.txt"

The merged content will be saved in merged_file.txt.

3️⃣ Try Block to Handle Exceptions:

try:
    with open(file1, "r") as f1, open(file2, "r") as f2, open(output_file, "w")

     as out:
        out.write(f1.read() + "\n")  
        out.write(f2.read())

The with statement is used to open multiple files at once.
The first two files are opened in read mode ("r").
The third file (merged_file.txt) is opened in write mode ("w").
The content of the first file is read and written into the new file, followed by a newline (\n).
Then the content of the second file is appended to the new file.

4️⃣ Success Message:

print(f"Files merged successfully into '{output_file}'.")

If no errors occur, the program prints a success message.

5️⃣ Exception Handling:

If the file is not found:

except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Error: One or both files not found. Please check the file names.")

If the user doesn’t have permission to access the file:

except PermissionError:
    print("Error: You don’t have permission to access one of the files.")

If any other unexpected error occurs:

except Exception as e:
    print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

Day-39

Question:
Write a Python program that adds line numbers to each line in a file.
Requirements:
Read the file.
Add line numbers at the beginning of each line.
Save the changes back to the file.
Handle errors like file not found and permission issues.
📌 Hint: Use `enumerate()` to number the lines.
Solution:
file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")
try:
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
lines = file.readlines()
numbered_lines = [f"{i+1}-{line}" for i, line in enumerate(lines)]
with open(file_name, "w") as file:
file.writelines(numbered_lines)
print("Line numbers added successfully!")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
except PermissionError:
print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
Output:

Scenario 1: Normal Execution

Input (`sample.txt` before execution)

Hello, this is the first line.
This is the second line.
Python is amazing!

UserInput

Enter the file name: sample.txt

Output

Line numbers added successfully!

Updated File (`sample.txt` after execution)

1-Hello, this is the first line.
2-This is the second line.
3-Python is amazing!

Scenario 2: File Not Found

User Input

Enter the file name: missing_file.txt

Output

Error: File not found. Please check the file name.

Scenario 3: Permission Error

Possible Causes

Trying to modify a read-only file.

Trying to modify a system-protected file.

User Input

Enter the file name: C:\Windows\System32\config.sys

Output

Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.

Scenario 4: Unexpected Error

If an unexpected issue occurs (e.g., corrupted file, disk error), the program will print:

An unexpected error occurred: [Error details]

Explanation:

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ")

The program prompts the user to enter the file name.
The input file should exist in the same directory as the script (or the full path should be provided).

Step 1: Read the File Content

with open(file_name, "r") as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

Opens the file in read mode ("r").
Reads all lines from the file and stores them as a list in lines.

Step 2: Add Line Numbers

numbered_lines = [f"{i+1}-{line}" for i, line in enumerate(lines)]

Uses list comprehension with enumerate() to iterate over lines while keeping track of the line number (i).
i+1 ensures numbering starts from 1 instead of 0.
Each line is formatted as "1-<line content>", "2-<line content>", etc.

Step 3: Write Modified Content Back to the File

with open(file_name, "w") as file:
    file.writelines(numbered_lines)

Opens the file in write mode ("w"), which overwrites the existing content.
Writes the modified list (numbered_lines) back to the file.

Error Handling

except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")

If the file does not exist, the program catches the FileNotFoundError and informs the user.

except PermissionError:
    print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")

If the file is read-only or located in a restricted system folder, this error occurs.

except Exception as e:
    print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

Catches any other errors (e.g., disk issues, encoding errors) and prints the error message.

Day-40

Question:
Delete Specific Lines from a File Ask the user for a file name and a line number. Remove that line from the file.
Solution:
try:
file_name = input("Enter the file name: ").strip()
line_number = int(input("Enter the line number to delete: "))
with open(file_name, "r") as file:
lines = file.readlines()
if line_number < 1 or line_number > len(lines):
print("Error: Invalid line number. Please enter a valid line number.")
else:
del lines[line_number - 1]
with open(file_name, "w") as file:
file.writelines(lines)
print("Line deleted successfully!")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")
except ValueError:
print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid line number.")
except PermissionError:
print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
Output:

Scenario 1: Successful Deletion

File Content (sample.txt) Before Execution:

Line 1: Hello World
Line 2: Python is fun
Line 3: This is a test file
Line 4: Deleting a line

User Input:

Enter the file name: sample.txt
Enter the line number to delete: 3

Output:

Line deleted successfully!

File Content After Execution (sample.txt):

Line 1: Hello World
Line 2: Python is fun
Line 3: Deleting a line

(Line 3 is removed, and the remaining lines shift up.)

Scenario 2: File Not Found

User Input:

Enter the file name: nonexistent.txt
Enter the line number to delete: 2

Output:

Error: File not found. Please check the file name.

Scenario 3: Invalid Line Number (Too High or Negative)

File Content (sample.txt) Before Execution:

Line 1: Hello World
Line 2: Python is fun
Line 3: This is a test file

User Input:

Enter the file name: sample.txt
Enter the line number to delete: 5

Output:

Error: Invalid line number. Please enter a valid line number.

(Since the file only has 3 lines, line 5 does not exist.)

User Input:

Enter the file name: sample.txt
Enter the line number to delete: -1

Output:

Error: Invalid line number. Please enter a valid line number.

(Line numbers must be positive.)

Scenario 4: Invalid Input (Non-Numeric Line Number)

User Input:

Enter the file name: sample.txt
Enter the line number to delete: hello

Output:

Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid line number.

(The user entered text instead of a number.)

Scenario 5: Permission Denied

User Input (Trying to modify a read-only file):

Enter the file name: protected.txt
Enter the line number to delete: 2

Output:

Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.

(This happens when the file is read-only or requires admin access.)

Explanation:

1. Taking User Input

file_name = input("Enter the file name: ").strip()
line_number = int(input("Enter the line number to delete: "))

The program prompts the user to enter the file name and the line number.
.strip() is used to remove any extra spaces before or after the file name.
int(input()) ensures the line number is treated as an integer.

2. Opening the File and Reading Lines

with open(file_name, "r") as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

The file is opened in read mode ("r").
readlines() reads all lines from the file into a list called lines, where each element represents a line.

3. Validating the Line Number

if line_number < 1 or line_number > len(lines):
    print("Error: Invalid line number. Please enter a valid line number.")

Checks if the entered line_number is out of range.
If line_number is less than 1 (negative or zero) or greater than the number of lines, an error message is displayed.

4. Deleting the Specified Line

del lines[line_number - 1]

If the line number is valid, del removes the corresponding line from the lines list.
Since Python uses zero-based indexing, we subtract 1 to get the correct index.

5. Writing the Updated Content Back to the File

with open(file_name, "w") as file:
    file.writelines(lines)

Opens the file in write mode ("w"), which overwrites the existing content.
writelines(lines) writes the modified list back to the file.

6. Printing Success Message

print("Line deleted successfully!")

If everything runs smoothly, it prints a success message.

Exception Handling

This program includes error handling to manage different types of errors:

1. `FileNotFoundError` – File Does Not Exist

except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Error: File not found. Please check the file name.")

Occurs if the file name provided by the user does not exist.

2. `ValueError` – Invalid Input for Line Number

except ValueError:
    print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid line number.")

Raised if the user enters non-numeric input instead of an integer (e.g., "abc" instead of 3).

3. `PermissionError` – No Permission to Modify the File

except PermissionError:
    print("Error: You don’t have permission to modify this file.")

Raised if the file is read-only or requires admin privileges to modify.

4. `Exception` – Catch-All for Unexpected Errors

except Exception as e:
    print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

This handles any other errors that were not anticipated.